Demystifying Regular Expressions
Regular Expressions (Regex) are sequences of characters that define a search pattern. Usually, such patterns are used by string-searching algorithms for "find" or "find and replace" operations on strings, or for input validation.
While regex syntax can look like gibberish to the uninitiated, it is an incredibly powerful tool.
Essential Regex Syntax
.: Matches any single character except a newline.*: Matches zero or more occurrences of the preceding element.+: Matches one or more occurrences of the preceding element.?: Matches zero or one occurrence of the preceding element.\d: Matches any digit (equivalent to[0-9]).\w: Matches any word character (alphanumeric & underscore).
Real World Example: Email Validation
A basic (though not perfect) regex for validating an email format looks like this:
^[\w-\.]+@([\w-]+\.)+[\w-]{2,4}$
This ensures there is a string, an '@' symbol, a domain, a dot, and a top-level domain suffix.
You can test and build your own regular expressions using our interactive Regex Arena.